根据广州市1952—2009年和帽峰山2004—2009年气温观测数据,采用统计分析方法和季节分解加法模型,分析了帽峰山森林气温与区域气温变化趋势特征。结果表明:广州市近58年来气温增暖趋势显著,年平均气温的倾向率达0.21 ℃·a-1;2004—2009年间,广州市和帽峰山气温变化均呈下降趋势,气温倾向率分别为-0.008、-0.293 ℃·a-1,帽峰山气温下降幅度大于广州市;帽峰山林区气温变化趋势与广州市气温变化趋势基本一致;在区域极端异常天气出现前,森林气温变化趋势出现负反馈。

Based on the data collected from 2008 to 2010 in Eucalyptus plantation of Gaoyao city, Guangdong Province, the annual variation, seasonal variation and daily variation of soil temperature before and after rotation were analyzed. The result showed that the soil temperatures of various layers had a significantly positive correlation with the surface temperature. The annual variation of soil temperature showed a unimodal distribution and the annual amplitude became smaller in deeper layer. The daily variation followed a sinusoid and the daily amplitude became smaller in deeper layer. The peak value appeared later with the increasing of soil depth. The annual amplitude of the soil temperature in 2009 after the rotation (13.58 ℃) was smaller than in 2008 before the rotation (15.37 ℃). The peak value time appeared 1 hour ahead and the daily amplitude increased.

为了计量城市路网景观防护林的环境效应,采用群落生态学及水平多点定位同步观测方法,对机场路景观防护林群落结构及消减路面热岛、污染气体浓度效应进行了观测研究;结果显示:防护林群落呈4层垂直结构(上层乔木平均高(H)=12.6 m、中层乔木H=6.3 m、灌木层H=3.2 m、草本层H=0.6 m),水平30~50 m沿机场路侧带状分布;防护林群落的Shannon(H)达2.39,均匀度达0.76,而森林群落郁闭度达0.68。相对路面空气SO2、NO2 (0.150、0.083 mg·m-3)的日均浓度,防护林林内20 m则减小到0.05 mg·m-3以下,空气温度则减小2.0 ℃,空气湿度增加2.4%,风速减小0.7 m·s-1;雨季晴天日,13:00-15:00、林内20~30 m空间相对路面的气温减小值大于2.0 ℃,而林内10~30 m空间相对路面的空气湿度增加5.0%~7.1%;林内20~30 m空间空气SO2浓度≤0.05 mg·m-3的白昼持续时间达8.3~9.0 h,而林内30~40 m空间空气NO2浓度≤0.05 mg·m-3的白昼持续时间达8.3 h;机场路景观防护林群落对路面热岛强度、空气SO2、NO2浓度消减效应极其显著。采用趋势面回归方法,获得的机场路面至林内水平尺度空气SO2、NO2浓度时空分布拟合方程适宜于估算应用。